January 2012

The winter months in New York make me long for—and think about—warmer days. When I reflect about my past summer, I think a lot about my trip to Reims in the Champagne region of France last June through July, and the experiences I had at the 2011 Wine & Law Program at the Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne. I met several colleagues with interesting and diverse experiences in the wine industry and I was fortunate to study under some of the most respected academics whose scholarship is credited throughout many areas of the wine industry. This program solidified my interest in wine and the law; the research I spent many months collaborating for my Note in law school, as well as the research for this blog, grew breath and meaning in a classroom with others who studied or were interested in similar topics. As my last semester in law school comes closer to an end each day, I remember my time in Reims quite fondly and I can only hope to return to the region one day for another academic venture.

 The 2012 Wine & Law Summer School Program: Comparative Aspects of EU–U.S. Wine LawThis summer, the 2012 Wine & Law Program Summer School’s topic iComparative Aspects of European Union and United States Wine Law. The Program is from July 2, 2012 through July 13, 2012 at the Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne and applications for the Program are currently being accepted. This is the third year for the Program, which is directed by Professor Theodore Georgopoulos, and features returning instructor and Master of Wine Mr. Steve Charters, as well as instructors Ms. Tracy Genesen of Kirkland & Ellis LLP and Mr. Barton Selden of Gartenberg Gelfand Hayton & Selden LLP. (See Wine & Law Program Faculty.) Ms. Genesen’s legal experience in the wine industry ranges from serving as the litigation strategist for the famous United States case Granholm v. Heald to lecturing about “Wine and Law” at Stanford Law School. (See id.) Mr. Selden’s experiences focus strongly on trademarks and international business issues related to the wine industry, as well as financing and distribution issues related to the wine industry. (See id.) With such strong faculty on the roster, as well as an engaging topic in one of the most beautiful wine regions, I am sure the 2012 Wine & Law Program will be very successful.

 The 2012 Wine & Law Summer School Program: Comparative Aspects of EU–U.S. Wine Law

Notre Dame de Reims; Reims, France.

Early registration is through April 30, 2012, although a second registration session may be available through June 14, 2012. (See Wine & Law Program Practical Information.) The Program lasts two full weeks in Reims and features classroom work every weekday from 9 AM to 4 PM with outside trips to the region after class hours. The trips last year included visiting local landmarks, vineyards, and maisons to learn about the history of the region and the process of producing Champagne, and to speak with individuals knowledgeable about the legal aspects of producing Champagne. We visited some of the larger Champagne houses (maisons) and their caves, including Ruinart and Moët & Chandon, as well as the Champagne cooperatives and smaller Champagne producers in Vertus. One evening we traveled to the Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne (“CIVC”), the trade organization that controls the production of Champagne within the region. Our graduation dinner was at Veuve Clicquot’s Manoir de Verzy, or the country house of Madame Veuve Clicquot, and the meal itself featured several courses paired with different champagnes bottled by the maison. Each trip fit very well with what we learned throughout the day in our classroom and provided all of us with a unique understanding of the region and the production of Champagne.

The university is located on the outskirts of the city of Reims, but is easily accesible by the tram. When I attended the program, I stayed in the heart of Reims and took the tram to and from the university every day, which was quite convenient. Several of my colleagues rented apartments either in the city of Reims or on the outskirts, which is also an alternative option. The hotel I stayed at sat directly across from the Reims train station, which was optimal for weekend trips to surrounding areas of Reims. During my stay, I traveled to Paris, Épernay, Vertus, Strasbourg, and a few smaller towns. There are many other options for trips and travel ventures on the weekend or if you extend your stay.

 The 2012 Wine & Law Summer School Program: Comparative Aspects of EU–U.S. Wine Law

Abbey of Hauteville; Reims, France.

A course devoted exclusively to wine and the law (or to alcohol beverages and the law) is a rarity in American law schools. Such classes do exist, but the majority of American law schools do not feature even a lecture exploring the legal overtones of the alcohol beverage industry. While this is rather unfortunate, it is my hope that our law schools will one day feature a larger avenue for individuals with such an interest. Until then, I can honestly affirm my attendance at the 2011 Wine & Law Program was the apex of my law school career. That is not to imply my law school experience was unfavorable; my strongest academic interest simply lies with alcohol beverage law. I encourage anyone interested in the legal environment of the wine industry, even if not an attorney, to apply to this program. During my session, I was the only law school student in attendance, but there were several other attorneys in the program. There were also individuals with professional ties to the wine industry who were not attorneys. I can only speak favorably about my experience last summer at the Wine & Law Program, and if there are any questions regarding the experience I had last summer, I very much welcome them.

(First Image Credit: Wine & Law Program. Remaining images property of Lindsey A. Zahn.)


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UK and EU Wine Law

by Asgar Dungarawalla on January 23, 2012

Wine laws have existed in Europe for several centuries. One of the oldest wine laws in Europe was created by Reichstag in the Holy Roman Empire in 1498 to combat wine fraud. In the mid-nineteenth century, during the Great French Wine Blight, an overwhelming abundance of wine fraud due to a diminishing supply triggered a need for a strong wine law in France. The wine legislation conceived as a result of the Great French Wine Blight evolved into the Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (“AOC”) system, and is the basis for common EU regulations.

 UK and EU Wine Law

Veuve Clicquot La Maison de Verzy; Verzy, France.

Today, wine laws regulate protected designations of origin, classification of wine, and labeling practices. Regulations allowed additives and procedures of viticulture and winemaking are also covered under wine law. The law functions at three levels: regional, state, and local. Appellation-based regulations are included in wine laws of several EU countries. These cover permitted varieties of grapes and practices in wine making. Examples of such appellation-based systems are the Portuguese Denominação de Origem Controlada (“DOC”), the Spanish Denominación de Origen (“DO”), the Italian Denominazione di Origine Controllata (“DOC”), and the French Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (“AOC”).

In the European Union, the Common Agricultural Policy (“CAP”) lays down the wine regulations (known as “The European Council and Commission Wine Regulations”)  that are common to the wine laws of most of the member countries. The rules and regulations laid out by the CAP Wine Regime are meant primarily to create an open and balanced market while governing all the principal sectors of the wine industry. These include well-defined rules for producers that cover production procedures, classification of wines, and oenological processes and practices. The rules also govern trading practices in the EU by providing a range of support and structural measures, details for labeling wine, descriptions of wines, and restrictions on the amount and quality of imports from non-EU nations.

The European Council and Commission Wine Regulations apply to all EU members. The Commission issues notices and directives from time to time for enforcement purposes. The Wine Regulations is a national Statutory Instrument (“SI”), which is reissued periodically. It is updated by regular amendments in the SIs issued to cover new or reformed legislation. Besides the generic regulations that apply to all EU countries as a whole, individual countries have their own additional frameworks for governing the wine industry. These additional laws are usually, but not always, confined to winemaking aspects like what percent of a grape species must be included in a particular label of wine with that variety name. As an example, the AOC system is ascribed to French wine professionals in order to ensure the authenticity of origin and that standard winemaking practices are in place.

 UK and EU Wine Law

Moët & Chandon Champagne Caves; Épernay, France.

In the UK, all of the European Commission Regulations are enforced by the Food Standards Agency. Additional wine rules in the UK, defined by the statutory instrument and known as the “The Wine Regulations 2011,” allow the UK to enforce community rules. The Food Standards agency functions seamlessly with growers and traders by helping them comply with the law by offering education and advice. The Food Standards agency also conducts an inspection program to deliver a cost-effective and targeted service using risk analysis. This agency identifies, analyzes, and forwards instances of breach of the law for further legal action by working closely with other regulatory bodies such as Defra, HM Revenue and Customs (“HMRC”), and local authorities.

References:

  1. UK Legislation: The Wine Regulations 2011
  2. European Union Wine Laws: Wine Trade and Regulations

Photographs are property of Lindsey A. Zahn.

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Canadians encounter similar legal issues in the wine industry to those of us in the United States: provincial regulations and restrictions with respect to shipping and transportation of alcoholic beverages, establishing new appellations, and creating law that regulates third-party services. How can these issues be resolved or maintained?

 Wine Law Seminar in Vancouver on February 27th and a Special On Reserve Discount

Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada

An upcoming seminar on wine issues in Vancouver will discuss the techniques and contemporary issues for the British Columbian market. Law Seminars International presents the Third Annual Wine Law Seminar Focusing on British Columbia, during the Vancouver Wine Festival. This year, the topics to be discussed include new regulations, licensing structures, and opportunities. The seminar, which will be hosted on February 27, 2012 at the Metropolitan Hotel in Vancouver, will be co-hosted by attorneys Mark Hickon, Esq. of Vintage Law Group and author of the blog WineLaw.ca, and Christopher S. Wilson, Esq. of  Bull, Housser & Tupper LLP. Law Seminar International recommends “[a]ttorneys and professionals in the wine and liquor industry” attend. (See Third Annual Wine Law Seminar Focusing on British Columbia.) The agenda features important topics revolving around legal issues in the wine industry particular to British Columbia, Canada, such as provincial regulation and taxation of alcoholic beverages, selling alcoholic beverages outside of British Columbia, the licensing scheme of British Columbia, establishing new appellations, and third-part Internet services for alcohol beverages. The end of the program is followed by a wine tasting event for faculty and attendees with Sid Cross, Esq., Co-Founder and Advisor of Chefs Table Society.

The following is a description of the seminar from the co-chairs:

This seminar will progress from getting a handle on pricing and sales issues to legal issues related to marketing and the various distribution channels, including shipping law reform. Trade-marks, geographical indicators and the economics of the industry, as well as legislative trends and regulatory processes, will also be addressed.

We will bring together experts from a variety of perspectives and disciplines to share their experiences, challenges and success stories regarding this evolving landscape. Don’t miss this annual gathering of the region’s leading wine and liquor law professionals. Join us for valuable discussions about the industry, as well as the wine tasting reception moderated by Sid Cross, Co-Founder of Chefs Table Society, following the seminar.

Program Co-Chairs: Mark Hicken, Esq. of Vintage Law Group and Christopher S. Wilson, Esq. of Bull, Housser & Tupper LLP

On Reserve is delighted to announce a special discount for its readers: half  off (50% off)full-priced, regular tuition with the registrar. Simply call Law Seminars at 206-567-4490 and ask for the Registrar, Dale, to use this discount, and mention the On Reserve Discount when you register. “Regular tuition for this seminar is [$]US595 with a group rate of $US445 each for two or more registrants from the same firm. For government employees, we offer a special rate of $US395. For students and people in their job for less than a year, our rate is $US297.50. All rates include admission to all seminar sessions, food and beverages at breaks, and all course materials. Make checks payable to Law Seminars International.” (Id.) For more information, see the brochure from the seminar.

(Image Credit: Rates To Go Blog.)

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Professional Opportunities and Jobs in Wine Law

by Lindsey A. Zahn on January 13, 2012

For students and even professionals interested in pursuing wine law, an avid question that often results is how to pursue wine law as a profession or professionally. Originally, when I first started my journey as a wine law researcher, I thought there was only one answer to this question: to practice wine law in a law firm, irrespective of the firm’s size. I also originally believed—quite incorrectly, actually—California to be the only state within the United States in which one could practice wine law. However, as I learned more about the field from both reading literature and speaking with a variety of practitioners, I realized there is a lot more to a professional career in wine law—just as there certainly are a lot of options aside from traditional practice one can pursue with a Juris Doctor. As a result, I thought an entry surveying the options with which I am familiar might be useful to those curious about professional pathways for wine and the law.

 Professional Opportunities and Jobs in Wine Law

Quinta Nova; Douro Valley, Portugal

The most important distinction I must make before discussing the professional opportunities I know of with respect to wine and law is that wine law and alcohol beverage regulation are different. Wine law pertains exclusively to the legal regulation of the wine industry whereas alcohol beverage regulation usually entails wine, spirits, and beer. While the practice of each is not mutually exclusive, there are many opportunities that focus on one rather than the other. This blog focuses on wine law and, as I assume the majority of its readers are interested in the area of wine and the law, I will discuss the opportunities of which I am aware pertaining to wine and the law (but, because alcohol beverage regulation and wine law are not mutually exclusive, some of the forthcoming ideas may address alcohol beverage opportunities as well).

1. Traditional Firm Practice: There are many firms in the United States that have an alcohol beverage regulation division or a division exclusively focused on wine law. The types of firms vary: there are some large firms with offices located in areas with a prominent wine industry; there are medium-sized or regional firms that have either an alcohol beverage regulation division or a wine law division; there are smaller firms that have one office and focus exclusively on alcohol beverage regulation; and there are sole practitioners who may practice wine law as one of their fields. These firms are located throughout the United States, although a higher concentration tends to be found in California (e.g., San Francisco or Sonoma), Washington (e.g., Portland or Seattle), New York, and Washington, D.C.

2. Consulting: I am somewhat unfamiliar with the consulting area of wine law, but it is certainly an option to consider. There are several businesses that perform consulting matters for compliance, especially with respect to shipping alcohol interstate. Some groups in the wine industry may also provide consulting services for licenses, permits, and labeling. Organizations that fall under this category, to my knowledge, include Compliance Connection and Compliance Service of America.

3. Trade Groups or Non-Profit Organizations: The trade groups and non-profit organizations of the wine industry exist, generally speaking, with the intent to increase communication and help develop the wine industry. The mission of each group is usually different, but generally focuses on promoting wine education among American consumers (as well as international consumers). In addition to educational missions, many trade associations also work closely with legislatures to assist with legal challenges of the wine industry. Some trade groups include WineAmerica (The National Association of American Wineries), The Center for Wine Origins, The Wine InstituteFamily Wine Makers of California, and Atlantic Seaboard Wine Association (“ASWA”). Many of these organizations or groups are located in or around the Washington, D.C. area, although there are many found throughout major wine regions of the United States.

4. Research/Academia: Perhaps the most exciting field—at least, in my opinion—of the aforementioned categories is a research or academic pathway for wine and the law. Scholarly writing about wine law is certainly a field that needs much attention and will hopefully grow over time. Currently, there are a lot of law journals with articles published that discuss some legal aspect of the wine industry (i.e., intellectual property, overtones of constitutional law, trade, etc.), but generally speaking, most of these articles are not written by wine law scholars. There are few books that directly deal with legal issues of the wine industry, but there are several books that briefly discuss wine with respect to a broader legal issue (i.e., Bernard O’Connor’s The Law of Geographical Indications). Whereas there are not many schools or institutions that offer classes in wine and the law, the pathway is still a great one and is one I personally feel will grow stronger in years to come. Currently, UC Berkeley School of Law has a Program on Wine Law and Public Policy directed by academic and attorney Richard Mendelson. I believe UC Davis is also in the process of establishing a wine law program, or at least considering one, but I am not certain if that is completely accurate (the school does host a wine law conference each year. See UC Davis Wine Law Conference; see also Review of the UC Davis Wine Law Conference, June 2-4). There is also the highly recommended Wine & Law Program at the Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne created and directed by Theodore Georgopoulos, which offers both masters degrees and university diplomas in wine law. This summer, the program will focus on comparative aspects of EU and U.S. wine law. There are also a few other attorneys who teach classes or host lectures and seminars. Additionally, there are wine law conferences and seminars hosted by Law Seminars, gathering many academics and professionals. The research and academic pathways are the direction in which I hope to proceed at some point in my career.

There is a strong possibility that, because I am simply a student and continually learning about the possibilities of pursuing wine law professionally, I overlooked several opportunities. If such exist, please feel free to either leave a comment or send me an e-mail at lazahn@winelawonreserve.com. I am always interested in hearing about alternative pathways, as well as sharing such with others interested in wine and the law.

 Professional Opportunities and Jobs in Wine Law

Quinta Nova; Douro Valley, Portugal

One final note to make is that wine law, although certainly with strong overtones on the West Coast, is not only concentrated on the East Coast, but also has an international focus, as well as a focus in other regions of the United States. Whereas California is the biggest producer of wine in the States, it is not the only state with lawyers knowledgable about wine and the law. Each state has its own alcohol beverage control department or agency, which regulate the alcohol beverage industry within the state. This includes issuing licenses and permits in accordance to the state’s alcohol laws, as well as many other tasks. (See, e.g., California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, New York State Liquor Authority, and Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission.) On the state side, there are many different types of alcohol beverage businesses that need to obtain appropriate permits or licenses; sometimes this can be pursued in house, but other times help from outside counsel is acquired. Counsel may be members of a larger firm or even a firm without a designated alcohol beverage regulation division.

My point is simply that alcohol beverage law has overtones in all fifty states of the United States. Whereas the wine section of alcohol beverage law may be more prominent in states with a greater number of vineyards or a stronger wine industry—like California or Washington—legal overtones of the wine industry are not nonexistent in states with fewer vineyards or less involvement in the wine industry. While the strategic approach in those states may be different from the approach in states where wine is a larger part of the agriculture industry, it is still possible to practice as an attorney and oversee issues pertaining to wine and the law in any state.

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